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Diagnosis

Your Fiddle leaf fig with fine webbing on leaves or stems and yellow leaves

Fiddle leaf figFine webbing on leaves or stemsYellow leaves

Based on what you've described, these are the likeliest causes — ranked. Each one carries a tell-tale sign that distinguishes it from the others, and a single-minute check to confirm.

1Most likely

Spider mites

A tiny sap-sucking arachnid that lives on leaf undersides and breeds fast in dry indoor air. They're nearly invisible individually but leave diagnostic fine webbing across stems and leaf joints once the colony is established.

Tell-tale sign
Fine silken webbing strung between leaves or at the base of new growth, visible in raking light.
60-second check
Hold a sheet of white paper under a leaf and tap. Specks that start moving are mites; specks that don't are dust.
2Also possible

Overwatering

The soil has stayed wet for too long, suffocating the roots and weakening the plant from the base up. It's the most common reason houseplants decline indoors, and it looks deceptively similar to thirst: a wilting plant in soggy soil is almost always drowning, not dry.

Tell-tale sign
Soil is wet more than an inch deep, and the lower leaves yellow or soften before the upper leaves change.
60-second check
Push a finger two inches into the soil. If it comes out cool and damp, the plant doesn't need water; it needs to dry out.
3Also possible

Root rot

Persistent soggy soil has killed part of the root system, and the fungal infection that follows is now attacking what's left. It's the advanced stage of overwatering: the plant is wilting because it physically cannot pull water up anymore, even from wet soil.

Tell-tale sign
The plant wilts even though the soil is wet, and the base of the stem feels soft or smells sour when you press it.
60-second check
Slip the plant out of its pot. Healthy roots are firm and pale; rotted roots are dark, mushy, and pull apart easily.
Read deeper
Macro photograph of a two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on a leaf surrounded by its silk threadsPests & Diseases

Spider Mites on Houseplants: Identify Webbing, Damage, and How to Kill Them

13 min
Macro close-up of a green aphid on a plant — one of the seven most common tiny bugs found on houseplantsPests & Diseases

What Are These Tiny Bugs on My Houseplant? A Visual Identification Guide

15 min
Watering can pouring water over a healthy green houseplantWatering

How Often Should You Water Houseplants? A Practical Guide

14 min
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Canonical combo: webbing-on-leaves--yellow-leaves